Cactus and succulents

Prickly Pear Encounters: Removing Glochids

A typical prickly pear cactus (Opuntia dillenii). The wicked-looking long spines are not all you have to worry about! Photo: fbcdn.net

Opuntias (Opuntia spp.), popular indoor or outdoor cactus (depending on the species and your local climate) with mostly flattened segments, and often called prickly pears or beavertail cactus, are unusual among cacti in that they produce two types of spines. Long, fierce, painful ones that dig into the skin, draw blood and yelps and are very visible and, on the cushiony areole at the base of the vicious spines, tiny hairlike, barbed spines called glochids. 

Opuntia glochids
These tiny, fuzzy, almost caressable spines are actually glochids, particularly nasty spines that break off and penetrate the skin. Photo: jinjian liang, flickr.com

While the long, nasty spines stay on the plant, glochids break off readily and work their way into the skin, causing itching and irritation that can, in sensitive individuals, last days, weeks or even months. You rarely recall actually running into glochids, as they seem harmless. But if you get any on your skin, the resulting rash is one you’ll likely remember for a long time.

Removing Glochids

Fingers with glochids attached
Ouch! Glochids are hard to remove. Photo: Marianne Skov Jensen, ezpixels.com

Ideally, you’d only wear thick, long-sleeved gloves or use tongs when handling any prickly pear, but in case glochids do get to you, remove them quickly before they work their way into your skin. 

Glue and gauze being applied to skin.
First, tweezer off most of the glochids, then apply glue and gauze. Photo: healthxchange.sg

Believe it or not, how to remove glochids has actually been scientifically studied and the most effective method is to first go over the area with eyebrow tweezers, pulling off the most visible clumps of spines. Then cover the skin in the affected area with a thin layer of household glue (Elmer’s glue, for example), then lightly press gauze into the glue. Allow the glue to dry for about 30 minutes, then peel it off. According to this study, this will result in removing 95% of the glochids.

Other popular methods are less effective. Some people apply facial mask and pull them off that way. Others use sticky tape (duct tape, for example), softly pressing the tape over the affected sector, then yanking it off. But both methods left more of than half of the spines in the skin.

Once they’ve worked their way into your skin, though, you pretty much have to wait until your body reacts, causing dermatitis then pustules, then eventually expelling them.

My best advice is: admire your opuntias from a distance. They’re not a plant you’ll want to hug!

Garden writer and blogger, author of 65 gardening books, lecturer and communicator, the Laidback Gardener, Larry Hodgson, passed away in October 2022. Known for his great generosity, his thoroughness and his sense of humor, he reached several generations of amateur and professional gardeners over his 40-year career. Thanks to his son, Mathieu Hodgson, and a team of contributors, laidbackgardener.blog will continue its mission of demystifying gardening and making it more accessible to all.

11 comments on “Prickly Pear Encounters: Removing Glochids

  1. The sticky surface of a good selotape or duct tape repeatedly tapped over the affected area does it for me. Just make a loop of it and use it with the fingers of your other hand.

  2. These things are the devil! If just one of them gets lodged in your skin, it causes painful irritation every time you brush against something. They’re brittle as well, and if the shaft breaks off, they become almost invisible to the naked eye. This makes it very difficult to locate and remove them with tweezers.

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  7. This is informative. I wish I had read it a week ago. I fell into a prickly pear cactus and had far too many glochidia pushed into my skin. Removed most surface ones with tweezers, but they broke off at the surface level for the majority of them. I am now one week later and can feel the lumps forming under my skin surface. Bruising is still visible in some areas. From what you have informed, this is the stage the pustules May be beginning to form. I believe there is nothing more I can do except wait at this point. Any information would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

    • I have had cactus glochidia stuck in my skin for seven years. I can’t seem to find a doctor that will surgically remove them.

      • I have been using salycitic acid to get the top layer of skin to dissolve. Takes overnight usually. Then, the tips of the glochids become visible again, and I can remove another round of them. I’ve pulled hundreds. They were in my hand for over a year.

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  9. Oh my, how simple; glue (NOT super glue) or tape. I never had much of a problem with them, so never investigated options for removal.

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