Learn When to Sow Your Garden Seeds

Photo: skat15, depositphotos

5 Handy Lists!

By Larry Hodgson

Do you want to know when to sow your garden plants indoors this spring? The following lists might be useful to you.

In these lists you’ll find recommendations for the sowing dates of almost 400 plants of 5 different categories. 

• Perennials
• Herbs
• Annuals
• Biennials
• Perennials

The dates given are based on the “last frost date,” which is the date in the spring after which there is little risk of young plants being damaged by a late frost. Obviously, this date varies from one region to another, depending on the local climate.

To use the following lists, have your last frost date in mind (a local garden club or garden center should be able to give you the date), then subtract the indicated number of weeks from that date. This will give you the sowing date. For example, if a plant is labeled “6 weeks” and your local last frost date is May 15, you would normally need to sow the seed around April 1, 6 weeks beforehand.

Obviously, there also are several plants that you don’t sow indoors, but instead directly in the ground where they are to grow. This information also appears on the lists.

Keep these lists close when you do your own sowing…and feel free to share them with other gardeners!

Vegetables

1. Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus, A. cruentus and A. hypocondiacus) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
2. Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) 10 weeks
3. Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) 8 weeks
4. Aubergine (Solanum melongena) 8 weeks
5. Bean, Broad (Vicia fava) Sow outdoors
6. Bean, Dwarf French (Phaseolus vulgaris humilis) Sow outdoors
7. Bean, Fava (Vicia fava) Sow outdoors
8. Bean, Pole (Phaseolus vulgaris and P. coccineus) 2 weeks or sow outdoors
9. Bean, Scarlet Runner (Phaseolus coccineus) 2 weeks or sow outdoors
10. Beet, Beetroot (Beta vulgaris Condivita group) Sow outdoors
11. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) 8 weeks
12. Brussels Sprouts (Brassica oleracea gemmifera) 4 weeks
13. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata) 5 weeks
14. Cantaloup (Cucumis melo) 3 weeks or sow outdoors (in areas with long summers)
15. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) 10 weeks
16. Carrot (Daucus carota) Sow outdoors
17. Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis) 8 weeks
18. Celery (Apium graveolens) 8 weeks
19. Chicory (Chichorium intybus) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
20. Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis) Sow outdoors
21. Corn (Zea mays) Sow outdoors
22. Cucamelon (Melothria scabra) 4 weeks

23. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) 2 weeks or sow outdoors
24. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) 8 weeks
25. Endive, Curly (Cichorium endivia) 6 weeks
26. Escarole or Broad-Leaed Endive (Cichorium endivia) 6 weeks
27. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
28. Ground Cherry (Physalis pruinosa) 8 weeks or sow outdoors (in areas with long summers)
29. Kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
30. Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea gongylodes) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
31. Leek (Allium porrum) 12 weeks
32. Lentil (Lens culinaris) Sow outdoors
33. Lettuce (Lactuca sativus) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
34. Maize (Zea mays) Sow outdoors
35. Melon (Cucumis melo) 3 weeks or sow outdoors (in areas with long summers)
36. Mizuna (Brassica juncea japonica) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
37. Mouse Melon (Melothria scabra) 4 weeks
38. Okra (Abelmochus esculentus) 8 weeks
39. Onion (Allium cepa) 8 weeks
40. Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) Sow outdoors
41. Pea (Pisum sativum) Sow outdoors
42. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) 6 weeks or sow outdoors (in areas with long summers)
43. Pepper (Capsicum annuum and others) 9 weeks
44. Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo and others) 3 weeks or sow outdoors
45. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
46. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Sow outdoors
47. Radicchio (Cichorium intybus) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
48. Radish (Raphanus sativus) Sow outdoors
49. Shallot (Allium cepa aggregatum) 8 weeks
50. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
51. Spinach, New Zealand (Tetragona expansa) 3 weeks
52. Squash (Cucurbita pepo and others) 3 weeks or sow outdoors
53. Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris Flavescens Group) Sow outdoors
54. Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa and P. philadelphica) 6 weeks
55. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) 6 weeks
56. Turnip (Brassica rapa rapifera) Sow outdoors
57. Vegetable Marrow (Cucurbita pepo and others) 3 weeks or sow outdoors
58. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) 3 weeks or sow outdoors (in areas with long summers)
59. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) 3 weeks or sow outdoors

Herbs

1. Angelica (Angelica archangelica) 8 weeks
2. Anise (Pimpinella anisum) 8 weeks or sow outdoors
3. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) 4 weeks
4. Borage (Borago officinalis) 8 weeks or sow outdoors
5. Camomille, German (Matricaria chamomilla, syn. Matricaria recutita) 6 weeks
6. Camomille, Roman (Chamaemelum nobile, syn. Anthemis) 8 weeks
7. Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
8. Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
9. Chives, Garlic or Chinese (Allium tuberosum) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
10. Coriander or cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) 5 weeks or sow outdoors
11. Dill (Anethum graveolens) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
12. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) 4 weeks
13. Hyssope (Hyssopus officinalis) 8 weeks
14. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) 14 weeks
15. Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) 10 weeks
16. Majorum (Origanum majorana, syn. O. hortensis) 6 weeks
17. Mint (Mentha spp.) 8 weeks
18. Oregano (Origanum vulgare) 6 weeks
19. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
20. Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis) 6 weeks
21. Sage (Salvia officinalis) 8 weeks
22. Savory, Summer (Satureja hortensis) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
23. Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) 8 weeks
24. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris and others) 8 weeks

Annuals

1. Agastache (Agastache rupestris, A. cana and others) 8 weeks
2. Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum) 4 weeks
3. Alternanthera, Ruby Leaf (Alternanthera dentata and others) 11 weeks
4. Alyssum, Sweet (Lobularia maritima) 4 weeks 
5. Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus, A. tricolor and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
6. Amaranth, Globe (Gomphrena globosa and others) 6 weeks
7. Angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia) 8 weeks
8. Apple-of-Peru (Nicandra physaloides) 6 weeks or sow outdoors 
9. Aster, China (Callistephus chinensis) 6 weeks
10. Baby Blue Eyes (Nemophila spp.) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
11. Baby’s-Breath, Annual (Gypsophila elegans) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
12. Bacopa (Sutera cordata) 10 weeks
13. Balsam, Garden (Impatiens balsamina) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
14. Balsam, Himalayan (Impatiens glandulifera) 4 weeks or sow outdoors 
15. Batchelor’s Button (Centaurea cyanus and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
16. Bean, Castor (Ricinus communis) 4 weeks
17. Bean, Hyacinth (Lablab purpureus, syn. Dolichos lablab) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
18. Begonia, Tuberous (Begonia × tuberhybrida) 16 weeks
19. Begonia, Wax (Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum, B. × benariensis and other non-tuberous species) 12 weeks
20. Bellflower, Chilean (Nolana paradoxa and N. humifusa) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
21. Bells of Ireland (Moluccella laevis) 10 weeks
22. Bidens (Bidens aurea, B. ferulifolia and others) 6 weeks
23. Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) 6 weeks
24. Black-eyed Susan Vine (Thunbergia alata) 6 weeks
25. Bloodleaf (Iresine herbstii and others) 10 weeks
26. Blue Troatwort (Trachelium caeruleum) 10 weeks
27. Bluebell, California (Phacelia campanularia, P. tanacetifolia and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
28. Browallia (Browallia spp.) 8 weeks
29. Burningbush (Bassia scoparia, syn. Kochia scoparia) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
30. Bush-Violet (Browallia spp.) 8 weeks
31. Cabbage, Ornamental or Flowering (Brassica oleracea acephala) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
32. Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa × hybrida) 8 weeks
33. Calliopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria and others) 6 weeks
34. Canna (Canna spp.) 8 weeks
35. Cape Jewels (Nemesia strumosa and others) 6 weeks
36. Cape Marguerite (Osteospermum ecklonis, syn. Dimorphotheca ecklonis) 6 weeks
37. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) 10 weeks
38. Cathedral Bells (Cobaea scandens) 10 weeks
39. Celosia (Celosia argentea and others) 4 weeks
40. Chrysanthemum, Annual (Glebionis carinatum [anc. Chrysanthemum carinatum] and others) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
41. Clarkia (Clarkia unguiculata, syn. C. elegans) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
42. Clary, Annual (Salvia viridis, syn. S. horminus) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
43. Cleome (Cleome hasslerana and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
44. Coleus (Coleus scutellarioides) 8 weeks
45. Cockscomb (Celosia argentea and others) 4 weeks
46. Cordyline (Cordyline australis, syn. C. indivisa) 22 weeks
47. Coreopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria and others) 6 weeks
48. Corncockle (Agrostemma githago andothers) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
49. Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
50. Cosmidium (Thelesperma burridgeanum, syn. Cosmidium burridgeanum) 6 weeks or sow outdoors

50. Cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus and C. sulphureus) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
51. Cup-and-Saucer Vine (Cobaea scandens) 10 weeks
52. Cupflower (Nierembergia hippomanica and others) 10 weeks 
53. Cypress, Summer (Bassia scoparia, syn. Kochia scoparia) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
54. Dahlia (dwarf varieties) (Dahlia × hortensis) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
55. Dahlia (medium and tall varieties) (Dahlia × hortensis) 8 weeks
56. Daisy, African (Arctotis × hybrida, anc. Venidium) 6 weeks
57. Daisy, Butter (Melampodium paludosum) 6 weeks
58. Daisy, Dahlberg (Thymophylla tenuiloba, syn. Dyssodia tenuiloba) 6 weeks
59. Daisy, Electric (Acmella oleracea, syn. Spilanthes acmella) 11 weeks
60. Daisy, Kingfisher (Felicia bergeriana and F. heterophylla) 4 weeks
61. Daisy, Pink Paper (Rhodanthe chlorocephala rosea and R. manglesii, syn. Acroclinium and Helipterum) 6 weeks
62. Datura (Datura metel and others) 16 weeks
63. Dichondra (Dichondra repens) 8 weeks
64. Dracena (Cordyline australis, syn. C. indivisa) 22 weeks
65. Dusty Miller (Jacobaea maritima, anc. Senecio cineraria, and Centaurea cineraria) 12 weeks
66. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus cinerea, E. globulus and others) 10 weeks
67. Everlasting, Annual (Xeranthemum annuum) 6 weeks

68. Everlasting, Golden (Xerochrysum bracteatum, syn. Helichrysum bracteatum) 6 weeks
69. Everlasting, Winged (Ammobium alataum) 6 weeks
70. Fameflower (Talinum paniculatum and others) 6 weeks
71. Felicia (Felicia bergeriana and F. heterophylla) 4 weeks
72. Flax, Blue (Linum usitatissimum and others) 3 weeks or sow outdoors 
73. Flax, Scarlet (Linum grandiflorum) 3 weeks or sow outdoors 
74. Flossflower (Ageratum houstonianum) 4 weeks
75. Forget-Me-Not, Chinese (Cynoglossum amabile) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
76. Fountaingrass, Crimson (Cenchrus setaceus, syn. Pennisetum. setaceum) 6 weeks
77. Four O’clock (Mirabilis jalapa) 6 weeks
78. Freckle Face Plant (Hypoestes phyllostachys) 10 weeks
79. Fuchsia (Fuchsia × hybrida) 14 weeks
80. Gaillardia, Annual (Gaillardia pulchella) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
81. Gazania (Gazania rigens) 6 weeks
82. Geranium, Ivy (Pelargonium peltatum) 12 weeks
83. Geranium, Zonal (Pelargonium × hortorum) 12 weeks 
84. Godetia (Clarkia amoena, anc. Godetia amoena) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
85. Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) 3 weeks or sow outdoors
86. Grass, Feathertop (Pennisetum villosum, P. setaceum) 6 weeks
87. Grass, Hare’s-Tail (Lagurus ovatus) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
88. Gypsophila, Annual (Psammophiliella muralis, syn. Gypsophila muralis) 6 weeks
89. Hare’s-Tail (Lagurus ovatus) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
90. Helenium, Dwarf (Helenium amarum) 8 weeks

91. Heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) 10 weeks
92. Hibiscus, Cranberry (Hibiscus acetosella) 10 weeks
93. Honeywort (Cerinthe major) 10 weeks
94. Hound’s Tongue (Cynoglossum amabile) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
95. Hypoestes (Hypoestes phyllostachys) 10 weeks
96. Iceplant (Dorotheanthus bellidiformis and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) 10 weeks
97. Immortelle (Xerochrysum bracteatum, syn. Helichrysum bracteatum) 6 weeks
98. Impatiens, Garden (Impatiens walleriana) 10 weeks
99. Impatiens, New Guinea (Impatiens × hawkeri) 10 weeks
100. Impatiens, Yellow (Impatiens auricoma and its hybrids) 8 weeks
101. Indian Blanket (Gaillardia pulchella) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
102. Iresine (Iresine herbstii and others) 10 weeks
103. Jewels of Opar (Talinum paniculatum and others) 6 weeks
104. Joseph’s Coat (Amaranthus tricolor) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
105. Kiss-Me-Over-the-Garden-Gate (Persicaria orientalis, syn. Polygonum orientale) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
106. Knotweed, Pink (Persicaria capitata, syn. Polygonum capitatum) 10 weeks

107. Kochia (Bassia scoparia, syn. Kochia scoparia) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
108. Larkspur (Consolida ambigua, C. regalis, anc. Delphinium) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
109. Laurentia (Isotoma axillaris, syn. Laurentia axillaris) 14 weeks
110. Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflora) 18 weeks
111. Lobelia, Edging (Lobelia erinus) 8 weeks

112. Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella damascena and others) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
113. Love-Lies-Bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
114. Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) 12 weeks
115. Mallow, Annual or Rose (Malva trimestris, syn. Lavatera trimestris) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
116. Maple, Flowering (Abutilon spp.) 12 weeks
117. Marigold, African (Tagetes erecta) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
118. Marigold, French (Tagetes patula and T. patula × erecta) 8 weeks      
119. Marigold, Pot or Scotch (Calendula officinalis) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
120. Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa) 6 weeks 
121. Melampodium (Melampodium paludosum) 6 weeks
122. Mignonette (Reseda odorata) 6 weeks
123. Milkweed, Tropical (Asclepias curassavica) 10 weeks
124. Millet, Pearl or Ornamental (Cenchrus americanus, syn. Pennisetum glaucum) 8 weeks
125. Million bells (Calibrachoa × hybrida) 8 weeks
126. Mint, Hummingbird (Agastache rupestris, A. cana and others) 8 weeks
127. Monkey-Flower (Mimulus × hybridus) 8 weeks
128. Morning-Glory (Ipomoea tricolor, I. nil, etc.) 3 weeks or sow outdoors
129. Morning-Glory, Dwarf (Convolvulus tricolor) 5 weeks or sow outdoors
130. Mourningbride (Scabiosa atropurpurea) 6 weeks
131. Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus and others) 2 weeks or sow outdoors
132. Nemesia (Nemesia strumosa and others) 6 weeks
133. Nierembergia (Nierembergia hippomanica and others) 10 weeks 
134. Nigella (Nigella damascena and others) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
135. Nolana (Nolana paradoxa and N. humifusa) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
136. Œillet d’Inde (Tagetes patula and T. patula × erecta) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
137. Osteospermum (Osteospermum ecklonis, syn. Dimorphotheca ecklonis) 6 weeks
138. Painted Tongue (Salpiglossis sinuata) 8 weeks
139. Pansy, Garden (Viola × wittrockiana) 8 weeks
140. Pea, Sweet (Lathyrus odoratus) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
141. Pelargonium, Ivy (Pelargonium peltatum) 12 weeks
142. Pelargonium, Zonal (Pelargonium × hortorum) 12 weeks
143. Penstemon (Penstemon hartwegii, P. × gloxinioides, etc.) 12 weeks
144. Petunia (Petunia × atkinsiana and others) 10 weeks
145. Phacelia, Lacy (Phacelia tanacetifolia and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
146. Phlox, Annual or Drummond’s (Phlox drummondii) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
147. Pincushion Flower (Scabiosa atropurpurea) 6 weeks 
148. Pink, China (Dianthus chinensis) 8 weeks     
149. Pink Buttons (Persicaria capitata, syn. Polygonum capitatum) 10 weeks
150. Policeman’s Helmet (Impatiens glandulifera) 4 weeks or sow outdoors 
151. Polka-Dot Plant (Hypoestes phyllostachys) 10 weeks
152. Poppy, California (Eschscholzia californica) 2 weeks
153. Poppy, Mexican (Argemone mexicana and others) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
154. Poppy, Opium or Breadseed (Papaver somniferum, syn. P. laciniatum, P. paeoniflorum) 6 weeks or sow outdoors 
155. Poppy, Shirley or Corn (Papaver rhoeas and P. commutatum) Sow outdoors
156. Poppy, Tulip (Hunnemannia fumariifolia) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
157. Portulaca (Portulaca grandiflora) 6 weeks or sow outdoors 
158. Princess-Feather (Persicaria orientalis, syn. Polygonum orientale) 4 weeks
159. Ragwort, Silver (Jacobaea maritima, anc. Senecio cineraria, and Centaurea cineraria) 12 weeks
160. Rose, Moss (Portulaca grandiflora) 6 weeks or sow outdoors 
161. Sage, Mealy or Mealycup (Salvia farinacea) 12 weeks
162. Sage, Scarlet (Salvia splendens) 6 weeks

163. Salpiglossis (Salpiglossis sinuata) 8 weeks
164. Sensitive Plant (Mimosa pudica) 10 weeks
165. Shoo-Fly Plant (Nicandra physaloides) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
166. Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) 6 weeks
167. Snapdragon, Dwarf (Chaenorhinum origanifolium, syn. C. glaerosum) 16 weeks
168. Snapdragon, Summer (Angelonia angustifolia) 8 weeks
169. Snapdragon, Trailing (Asarina, Lophospermum and Maurandya) 11 weeks
170. Snow-on-the-Mountain (Euphorbia marginata) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
171. Spiderflower (Cleome hasslerana and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
172. Squash, Ornamental (Curcubita pepo) 3 weeks or sow outdoors
173. Star Flower (Laurentia axillaris, syn. Isotoma axillaris) 14 weeks
174. Statice (Limonium sinuatum and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
175. Stock, Common (Matthiola incana) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
176. Stock, Virginia (Malcomia maritima) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
177. Strawflower (Xerochrysum bracteatum, syn. Helichrysum bracteatum) 6 weeks
178. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus and others) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
179. Sunflower, Mexican or Red (Tithonia rotundifolia) 6 weeks or sow outdoors
180. Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) 8 weeks
181. Toadflax (Linaria reticulata, L. maroccana, etc.) 8 weeks
182. Tobacco, Flowering (Nicotiana alata, N. sylvestris and others) 6 weeks
183. Toothache Plant (Acmella oleracea, syn. Spilanthes acmella) 11 weeks
184. Torenia (Torenia fournieri and others) 8 weeks
185. Treasureflower (Gazania rigens) 6 weeks
186. Vervain, Garden (Glandularia × hybrida,syn. Verbena × hybrida) 10 weeks
187. Vervain, Purpletop or Tall (Verbena bonariensis) 8 weeks
188. Vinca (Catharanthus roseus) 12 weeks
189. Wishbone Flower (Torenia fournieri and others) 8 weeks
190. Zinnia (Zinnia elegans, Z. haageana, Z. angustifolia, etc.) 4 weeks or sow outdoors
191. Zinnia, African (Melampodium paludosum) 6 weeks
192. Zinnia, Creeping (Sanivitalia procumbens) 6 weeks

Biennials

1. Canterbury Bells (Campanula medium) 18 weeks
2. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) 10 weeks      
3. Daisy, English (Bellis perennis) 12 weeks
4. Dames’s Rocket (Hesperis matronalis) 16 weeks
5. Delphinium, Chinese (Delphinium grandiflorum, syn. D. chinensis) 14 weeks
6. Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis sylvatica and others) 10 weeks
7. Foxglove, Common (Digitalis purpurea) 10 weeks  
8. Hollyhock (Alcea rosea and others) 10 weeks
9. Honesty (Lunaria annua) 10 weeks
10. Larkspur, Siberian (Delphinium grandiflorum, syn. D. chinensis) 14 weeks
11. Mallow, Common (Malva sylvestris) 6 weeks
12. Mullein (Verbascum bombyciferum, V. olympicum, etc.) 10 weeks
13. Poppy, Iceland (Papaver nudicaule) 10 weeks
14. Sage, Clary (Salvia sclarea) 6 weeks
15. Sage, Silver (Salvia argentea and S. aethiopis) 12 weeks
16. Thistle, Scotch or Cotton (Onopordum acanthium) 6 weeks

Vivaces

An asterisk (*) indicates species needing a 4 to 6 week pretreatment at cold temperatures to stimulate germination. After this, place the containers under warm conditions to stimulate germination. 

Note too that most perennials will not bloom the first year from seed, but more likely in their second or third year. 

1. Aconit* (Aconitum spp.) 18 weeks 
2. Agastache (Agastache foeniculum and others) 16 weeks
3. Alkanet (Anchusa azurea and others) 6 weeks
4. Amsonia* (Amsonia spp.) 14 weeks
5. Aster (Aster spp. [including Symphyotrichum, Eurybia and others]) 6 weeks
6. Astilbe (Astilbe spp.) 6 weeks
7. Astrantia* (Astrantia major and others) 14 weeks
8. Avens (Geum spp.) 8 weeks
9. Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila paniculata, G. repens, etc.) 8 weeks
10. Balloon Flower* (Platycodon grandiflorus) 10 weeks
11. Baptisia* (Baptisia spp.) 12 weeks
12. Basket of Gold (Aurinia saxatilis, syn. Alyssum saxatile) 6 weeks
13. Beebalm (Monarda didyma and others) 8 weeks
14. Bellflower (Campanula spp.) 10 weeks
15. Bergenia (Bergenia cordifolia and others) 8 weeks
16. Black-eyed Susan* (Rudbeckia hirta) 10 weeks
17. Blazing Star (Liatris spicata and others) 6 weeks 
18. Bleeding Heart* (Lamprocapnos spectabilis, anc. Dicentra spectabilis) 12 weeks
19. Blue Fescue (Festuca ovina glauca and others) 8 weeks
20. Bluestar* (Amsonia spp.) 14 weeks
21. Bugloss, Italian (Anchusa azurea and others) 6 weeks
22. Campion, Hybrid (Lychnis × haageana) 6 weeks
23. Campion, Rose (Lychnis coronaria) 6 weeks
24. Candytuft* (Iberis sempervirens and others) 10 weeks
25. Catchfly (Silene spp.) 8 weeks
26. Catmint* (Nepeta × faassenii and others) 12 weeks
27. Checkermallow (Sidalcea malviflora and others) 6 weeks  
28. Chinese Lantern (Physalis alkekengi) 8 weeks
29. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium, anc. Dendranthema × grandiflorum) 8 weeks
30. Cinquefoil (Potentilla spp.) 8 weeks
31. Clematis* (Clematis spp.) 12 weeks

32. Columbine* (Aquilegia spp.) 12 weeks
33. Coneflower, Orange* (Rudbeckia fulgida) 10 weeks
34. Coneflower, Purple* (Echinacea purpurea) 12 weeks
35. Coral Bells (Heuchera spp.) 8 weeks
36. Coreopsis (Coreopsis grandiflora, C. lanceolata and others) 6 weeks
37. Cornflower, Perennial (Centaurea montana, C. macrocephala and others) 10 weeks 
38. Culver’s Root (Veronicastrum virginicum, anc. Veronica virginica) 8 weeks
39. Cup-Plant (Silphium perfoliatum) 12 weeks
40. Cupid’s Dart (Catananche caerulea) 6 weeks
41. Daisy, Gloriosa* (Rudbeckia hirta) 10 weeks
42. Daisy, Painted (Tanacetum coccineum, anc. Pyrethrum coccineum and Chrysanthemum coccineum) 8 weeks
43. Daisy, Shasta (Leucanthemum × superbum, syn. Chrysanthemum maximum) 14 weeks
44. Daylily* (Hemerocallis spp.) 14 weeks
45. Delphinium* (Delphinim × elatum, syn. D. × cultorum) 12 weeks

46. Echinacea* (Echinacea purpurea and others) 12 weeks
47. Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum) 8 weeks
48. Elecampane (Inula spp.) 6 weeks
49. Everlasting, Pearly (Anaphalis margaritacea and others) 6 weeks   
50. False Lily of the Valley or False Solomon’s Seal* (Maianthemum racemosum [Smilacina racemosum] and others) 14 weeks
51. False-Lupine (Thermopsis villosa and others) 6 weeks
52. Ferns (various genera: Matteuccia, Athyrium, etc.) 14 weeks
53. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium, syn. Matricaria parthenium, Chrysanthemum parthenium) 10 weeks
54. Flax, Perennial (Linum perenne, L. flavum, etc.) 4 weeks
55. Fleabane (Erigeron speciosus and others) 8 weeks
56. Foamflower* (Tiarella cordifolia and others) 14 weeks
57. Gentian* (Gentiana acaulis and others) 14 weeks
58. Geranium* (Geranium spp.) 15 weeks

59. Globethistle (Echinops ritro and others) 10 weeks
60. Gloxinia, Hardy* (Incarvillea delavayi and others) 12 weeks
61. Goats Beard* (Aruncus dioicus and others) 12 weeks
62. Gypsophile (Gypsophila paniculata, G. repens, etc. ) 8 weeks
63. Hellebore* (Helleborus spp.) 14 weeks
64. Hen and Chicks* (Sempervivum spp.) 12 weeks
65. Heuchera (Heuchera spp.) 8 weeks
66. Hibiscus, Hardy (Hibiscus moscheutos and hybrids) 12-14 weeks
67. Hosta (Hosta spp.) 6 weeks
68. Houseleek* (Sempervivum spp.) 12 weeks
69. Incarvillea* (Incarvillea delavayi and others) 12 weeks
70. Indigo, False* (Baptisia spp.) 12 weeks
71. Iris* (Iris spp.) 14 weeks
72. Jacob’s-Ladder (Polemonium caeruleum, P. reptans, etc.) 6 weeks
73. Japanese Anemone* (Anemone × hybrida, A. tomentosa, etc.) 16 weeks
74. Knotweed* (Persicaria spp., syn. Polygonum spp.) 12 weeks
75. Lady’s Mantle* (Alchemilla mollis) 12 weeks
76. Lamb’s Ear (Stachys byzantina, syn. S. lanata) 8 weeks
77. Leopard’s Bane (Doronicum spp.) 12 weeks
78. Lewisia (Lewisia cotyledon and others) 12 weeks
79. Liatris (Liatris spicata and others) 6 weeks
80. Lily (Lilium spp.) 14 weeks
81. Liveforever* (Sempervivum spp.) 12 weeks
82. Lobelia* (Lobelia cardinalis, L. siphilitica and others) 12 weeks
83. Lungwort* (Pulmonaria saccharata and others) 13 weeks
84. Lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus and others) 6 weeks
85. Maltese Cross (Lychnis chalcedonica, L. × arkwrightii) 6 weeks
86. Marguerite, Golden (Anthemis tinctoria) 8 weeks
87. Masterwort* (Astrantia major and others) 14 weeks
88. Meadow-Rue* (Thalictrum spp.) 14 weeks
89. Meadowsweet* (Filipendula ulmaria and others) 12 weeks
90. Mexican Hat* (Ratibida columnifera, R. pinnata and others) 8 weeks
91. Milkweed* (Asclepias spp.) 12 weeks

92. Monarda (Monarda didyma and others) 8 weeks
93. Monkshood* (Aconitum spp.) 18 weeks
94. Muskmallow (Malva moschata, M. alcea and others) 6 weeks
95. Nepeta* (Nepeta × faassenii and others) 12 weeks
96. Obedient Plant* (Physostegia virginiana) 14 weeks
97. Oxeye* (Heliopsis helianthoides) 10 weeks
98. Pasqueflower (Pulsatilla vulgaris [syn. Anemone pulsatilla] and others) 10 weeks
99. Pea, Perennial* (Lathyrus latifolius) 10 weeks
100. Penstemon (Penstemon barbatus, P. digitalis and others) 8 weeks
101. Peony, Herbaceous* (Paeonia lactiflora, P. officinalis, etc.) 18 weeks
102. Phlox, Garden* (Phlox paniculata) 12 weeks
103. Pincushion Flower, Caucasian* (Scabiosa caucasica) 12 weeks
104. Pink, Garden (Dianthus plumarius, D. deltoides, D. gratianopolitanus and others) 8 weeks
105. Platycodon* (Platycodon grandiflorus) 10 weeks
106. Poker Plant (Kniphofia spp.) 16 weeks
107. Poppy, Blue* (Meconopsis betonicifolia and others) 14 weeks
108. Poppy, Oriental (Papaver orientale, P. bracteatum and others) 8 weeks
109. Poppy, Welsh (Papaver cambricum, anc. Meconopsis cambricum) 8 weeks

110. Primose* (Primula × polyantha and others) 14 weeks 
111. Primrose, Evening* (Oenothera spp.) 12 weeks
112. Pyrethrum (Tanacetum coccineum, anc. Pyrethrum coccineum and Chrysanthemum coccineum) 8 weeks
113. Red Hot Poker (Kniphofia spp.) 16 weeks
114. Rockcress, Caucasian (Arabis caucasica and others) 6 weeks
115. Rockcress, Purple (Aubrieta spp.) 6 weeks  
116. Rodgersia (Rodgersia aesculifolia and others) 4 weeks
117. Sage, Jerusalem (Phlomis tuberosa) 8 weeks
118. Sage, Lyre-Leaf (Salvia lyrata) 6 weeks
119. Sage, Meadow (Salvia pratensis) 8 weeks
120. Sage, Perennial (Salvia × superba and S. nemorosa) 9 weeks
121. Sandwort, Mountain (Arenaria montana) 6 weeks
122. Saxifrage* (Saxifraga spp.) 12 weeks
123. Scabious, Caucasian* (Scabiosa caucasica) 12 weeks
124. Scabious, Field* (Knautia arvensis, etc.) 12 weeks
125. Scabious, Macedonian* (Knautia macedonica, K. arvensis, etc.) 12 weeks
126. Scabious, Sheep’s Bit (Jasione laevis, syn. J. perennis) 6 weeks
127. Sea Holly* (Eryngium alpinum, E. planum and others) 14 weeks
128. Sedum* (Sedum spp.) 12 weeks
129. Selfheal (Prunella grandiflora and others) 8 weeks
130. Silphium (Silphium perfoliatum, S. laciniatum, etc.) 12 weeks
131. Sneezeweed (Helenium spp.) 8 weeks  
132. Snow-in-Summer (Cerastium tomentosum) 6 week
133. Soapwort* (Saponaria ocymoides and others) 10 weeks
134. Spiderwort (Tradescantia × andersoniana) 8 weeks
135. Spurge (Euphorbia myrsinites, E. polychroma, etc.) 12 weeks
136. Statice, German (Limonium platyphyllum, syn. L. latifolium, and others) 6 weeks
137. Stonecrop* (Sedum spp.) 12 weeks
138. Sundrop* (Oenothera spp.) 12 weeks
139. Sunflower, Perennial* (Helianthus divaricatus and others) 14 weeks
140. Thermopsis (Thermopsis villosa and others) 6 weeks
141. Thrift (Armeria maritima and others) 8 weeks  
142. Thyme, Creeping (Thymus serpyllum, T. praecox and others) 6 weeks
143. Tree-Mallow (Lavatera thuringiaca, L. cachemeriana, etc.) 6 weeks
144. Trillium* (Trillium spp.) 14 weeks 
145. Tritoma (Kniphofia spp.) 16 weeks
146. Turtlehead (Chelone glabra and others) 6 weeks
147. Valerian, Greek (Polemonium caeruleum, P. reptans, etc.) 6 weeks

148. Valerian, Red (Centranthus ruber) 12 weeks
149. Veronica* (Veronica spp.) 12 weeks
150. Viola (Viola × hybrida, V. cornuta, V. tricolor and others) 8 weeks
151. Violet* (Viola spp.) 14 weeks
152. Yarrow (Achillea spp.) 8 weeks