Yes, hellebores (Helleborus spp. and especially the very early H. niger) are often called Christmas roses. That’s because, in mild climates, these perennials start to bloom as early as January. But not where I live. Where winters are cold, as in most of North America, this hardy perennial rarely blooms before the month of March, even April or May (the latter for me)… but this winter may be the exception. Occasionally, mild weather can continue well into January in most of the Northern Hemisphere. Maybe your hellebores are budding up as we speak.
Christmas Roses for Christmas!
But there’s another way to seed Christmas roses in flower at Christmas: you can buy a plant already in bloom. Yes, in some garden centers, you’ll see hellebores offered in full bloom during the holiday season, and they actually make great Christmas plants, with blooms lasting well into until March if you offer them a minimal amount of care.
The instructions accompanying each plant explain its basic needs: keep the plant well watered and put it in a bright location, preferably on the cool side, then plant it outdoors in the garden in spring as a perennial.
Personally, I was more than a bit skeptical about this information. How could a hardy perennial that normally requires a cold winter be able to spend a winter in an overheated home and still be alive come spring? Sure, the information might be valid in Europe or in milder parts of North America, where you could potentially plant it outdoors as soon as February, but in climates like mine, where snow falls early and hangs around for months, you probably won’t be able to plant the poor thing outdoors before May: that means three extra months of warm temperatures for a plant that is used to a long, cold winter!
My Experience
To assuage my doubts, I obviously had to try growing one. So years ago, in early December, I purchased a Christmas hellebore in full bloom with dense clusters of pure white flowers. I actually used it as a table decoration for the entire Christmas period. After the holidays, I simply put it with my other houseplants on a windowsill, giving it no special treatment, not even particularly cool temperatures. And to my surprise, it did fine!
My hellebore remained in bloom until mid-March, although the sepals did gradually turn green. The foliage was still in mint condition in May when I finally was able to plant it outdoors. And since then, every spring after the usual long, snowy winter, it has bloomed perfectly, from early May until July.
Would I repeat the experience? Probably not. I love hellebores and grow dozens of them outdoors, but the ones sold at Christmas cost many times more than the ones I receive by mail order in spring. And there is essentially no choice during the Christmas season: I’m used to being able to choose from varieties with white, purple, red, pink, yellow or green flowers, single or double, with or without spotting. At Christmas, all I can find are plain white ones… and I already have plenty of those in my shade garden.
Making Hellebores Happy
Whenever you do buy hellebores, at Christmas or in spring, you’ll want to plant them outdoors in a forest setting or some other spot under deciduous trees so that they will be shaded in the summer but get a fair amount of sun in spring. They prefer rich, well-drained soil that is not too acidic. In cold climates (zones 3 to 5), give them a thick covering of dead leaves in the fall, otherwise their foliage, theoretically evergreen, may be killed by the cold. Of course, even if the leaves do die back, that won’t stop the plant from blooming in early spring… and fresh, healthy leaves will sprout with the flowers.
Harder-working gardeners then I remove damaged leaves in the spring and cut back the flowers when they fade. Personally, I give my hellebores no care whatsoever, at least, once they’re well established. Yes, I do confess to watering them in times of drought during their first summer, but after that, they get no watering, no fertilizing, no cleaning, nothing… and they positively flourish! And they are deer resistant too! In fact, few perennials are as easy to grow. And most species and hybrids will pretty much live forever (H. foetidus is an exception: it only lives 2 or 3 years, but it compensates by self-sowing).
Their hardiness varies though: some are hardy to zone 3, others not beyond zone 7, but in general, most hybrid hellebores will be tough enough to survive in zone 4, at least in climates where snow cover is abundant.
The Choice Is Yours
So the choice is yours: buy a hellebore in full bloom for Christmas or wait until spring for a wider choice and better prices. Either way, hellebores are superb plants you really should be trying if you have a shady nook in your garden. And keep an eye on your garden in January if the weather continues to be mild… you never know!
This text was first published on this blog on December 23, 2015. It has been revised and the layout updated.
I live in Connecticut zone 6B. Last year in the spring I bought 2 two hellebores plants from Trader Joe’s and planted them in the ground. The flowers died out in the summer then in November there were lots of buds on them and then in December it open. We are now into the second week of February and it has been blooming since December. I just love going out through my garage and see flowers bloom in the middle of the winter.
These are one of those many perennials that do not perform well within the mild winters here. I suspect that foliar pathogens overwinter more easily here where the weather is mild and damp through winter. Foliage is so spotty and grungy that it likely interferes with performance.
There are 3 clumps of white hellebores flowering in my garden since the beginning of December. I live in Southern Ontario and it’s the second year in a row that they have flowered at this time. Last year was a mild December and this year the same thing thanks to El Nino, apparently. My other hellebores aren’t in flower, different varieties. Very odd, but they do look beautiful.