Gardening Sowing Seeds Vegetables

Starting Carrots Off on the Right Foot

Like some plants in winter, the Laidback Gardener team will go “dormant” during the month of January, to replenish its strength for the coming season. But don’t worry! Articles will continue to be published every day to keep you entertained, informed and dreaming of spring.

This year marks the 10th anniversary of the Laidback Gardener blog, and for the occasion we’ve compiled a list of the 30 most popular articles of all time. Some must-reads are a natural on the list, while others may surprise you. These choices reveal what has piqued our curiosity and fuelled our passions over the years.

Larry Hodgson’s article on growing carrots climbs to number 25 on our list. Originally published on May 8, 2021, it reveals the secrets of this sometimes temperamental root vegetable. From soil preparation to variety selection, sowing tips and pest control, this comprehensive guide will help you grow straight, crisp and tasty carrots.

Carrots (Daucus carota) are not the easiest vegetables to grow. Anyone whose says they are is doing a bit of wishful thinking. They’re slow and often irregular in sprouting, only do well in really good soil, won’t tolerate any dryness when young and have a couple of serious pest problems, including carrot flies.

Here are some tips on getting the best possible results from a rather finicky vegetable.

1. Provide Full Sun 

What else did you expect? Pretty much all vegetables need it—at least 6 hours a day while 8 is even better—and carrots are no exception. 

2. Prepare the Soil

Raised bed of good soil.
Carrots often do best in raised beds filled with top-quality soil. Photo: wayfair.com

Carrots need deep, rich, well-drained, stone-free soil. Raised beds often give the best results, as they’ve generally been filled with quality topsoil with no stones whatsoever. If you garden “in the ground,” you need to get the stones out to a depth of at least 1 foot (30 cm). If not and the roots hit an obstacle, they’ll be forked or deformed. If you’re into no-till gardening and are dealing with heavy clay soil, at least use a garden fork to work in organic matter like compost to lighten the soil. (And repeat that yearly.) 

3. Don’t Overfertilize

Yes, carrots love rich soil, but there’s a limit. So, you can work in compost and basic all-purpose organic fertilizer, but avoid ones rich in nitrogen (the first number) as well as overly fresh manure. Too much nitrogen will give great tops, but poor, spindly roots. 

4. In Heavy Soil, Choose the Right Carrots.

Chart showing 4 different shapes of carrot.
Ill.: westcoastseeds.com

Carrots with rounded rather than pointed tips, like Nantes or Chantenay types, do better in heavy soil than Imperator or Danvers types. If your soil is heavy and shallow, use dwarf carrots (round ones, for example). Since the soil needs to be nearly twice as deep as the root is long, if you garden in containers that aren’t at least 18 inches (45 cm) deep, also consider shorter carrots.

5. Consider Delaying Sowing 

You’ll hear that you can sow carrots early, when the soil reaches about 50?F (10?C). When the grass needs mowing, some people say. True enough, but germination will be slow, irregular and probably poor in cool soil. Expect to wait about 3 weeks for seedlings to appear. If you wait about a month longer before sowing, germination will be faster (about 2 weeks) and more regular. And you can continue to sow with great success until about 8 weeks before the first fall frost, often into August.

6. Water Well and Keep Moist

Spray nozzle being adjusted by hand.
With carrots, adjust the water nozzle to a light spray: you won’t want to disturb the fragile seedlings. Photo: gardena.com

From sowing until good growth starts, carrots are incredibly sensitive to dry conditions. Water thoroughly the day before you sow to make sure the soil is moist through and through, then, after sowing, water softly, so as not to disturb the seeds. Keep the soil near the surface slightly moist after that; at least until the leaves reach about 2 inches (5 cm) in height, as not only do the seeds need moisture to sprout, but dry soil can harden into a crust the tender seedlings can’t break through. That can mean nearly daily light watering until the seeds sprout!

Floating row cover can help keep soil moist (see point 8). Or cover the row with a plank to prevent evaporation. If so, check every few days and remove the plank when the seeds sprout.

7. Sow Shallowly and Abundantly

Small carrot seedlings
You can recognize carrot seedlings by their very narrow cotyledons soon followed by deeply cut leaves. TerryWalton, gardening.which.co.uk

Carrot seeds are tiny and very poor at breaking through heavy or crusted soil. Sow only about ¼ inch (5 to 8 mm) deep. Sow densely, about 2 seeds per inch (1 seed per cm), as germination is never perfect. You can thin the seedlings (yes, they are edible) to a spacing of about 1½-4 in (4–10 cm) when they’re an inch (2.5 cm) or so tall, using the wider spacing for the largest roots. 

Helpful Hint: Some gardeners like to sow a radish seed every foot (30 cm) or so in a row of carrots as a marker. Radishes germinate rapidly and tell you where the still dormant carrot seeds are.

8. Use Floating Row Cover

Floating row cover: a white translucent cloth spread over a garden.
Floating row cover can be a huge help in stimulating germination.. Photo: damseeds.com

This is my main secret to sprouting carrots. Immediately after sowing, cover the soil with floating row cover placed directly on the soil and water through the fabric. This helps protect the fragile seeds from being disturbed by overly strong sprays of water (and heavy rain!); plus the cover warms the soil for better germination (in spring) and keeps it cooler (in the heat of summer) because it keeps some of the sun off. Row cover also reduces evaporation and leaves the soil more evenly moist. It also keeps the dreaded carrot fly at bay and even offers a few degrees of frost protection if ever that is needed. (It may well be in cooler climates if you sowed early!) You can remove the row cover once the plants are up and growing strongly.

Helpful Hint: Another way of reducing carrot fly damage is to sow resistant varieties, like ‘Fly Away’ and ‘Resistafly’. There are other suggestions here.

9. Hand pull weeds while they’re still tiny. 

Jeunes semis de carottes.
You have to learn to recognize carrot seedlings, with their thin cotyledons and deeply cut leaves, so as not to pull them out by accident. Photo: Terry Walton, gardening.which.co.uk

Carrots just don’t cope well with competition, so you can’t allow weeds to take over. At first, you’ll have to pull back the row cover in order to weed (just put it back afterwards). Hoeing can seriously damage fragile young carrots, so if you use that method, be careful.

10. Mulch when the seedlings are up and growing

Use a light mulch, covering the soil up to 3 inches (10 cm) deep with it once the leaves are 4 inches (10 cm) tall. Mulch will keep the soil moister and cooler, stop weeds from germinating and cover the plant’s crown so it won’t be exposed to the sun and turn green and bitter.


With these tips in mind, you’ll be well on your way to growing the best carrots ever!

Garden writer and blogger, author of 65 gardening books, lecturer and communicator, the Laidback Gardener, Larry Hodgson, passed away in October 2022. Known for his great generosity, his thoroughness and his sense of humor, he reached several generations of amateur and professional gardeners over his 40-year career. Thanks to his son, Mathieu Hodgson, and a team of contributors, laidbackgardener.blog will continue its mission of demystifying gardening and making it more accessible to all.

12 comments on “Starting Carrots Off on the Right Foot

  1. heathergrammie

    I discovered that growing sage around my carrots keeps them free of rust flies and seems to help produce beautiful big carrots. Not to mention how beautiful the sage makes the area look. 🙂

  2. Bahis Oranlar? Bahis kuponlar?ndaki oranlar bir sonucun gerçekle?mesi ihtimalinin yüzdesini yans?tmaktad?r.

  3. Selamlar harika bloglardan biri olan bu site admin çok be?endim. Ellerin dert görmesin. Thank you very nice artichle 😉

  4. selcuksportshd, selcuksports, selcuksportshd giri?, selçuksports, selçuk spor, selcuksports tv, selcuk sports, selcuksports live

  5. bahis siteleri

  6. Etkili so?utma vefki uzman eller sayesinde olur. Bu blog harika dostum kesinlikle tekrar gelece?im:)

  7. Starting carrots can be a real headache, but here’s a method that’s saved me a lot of trouble over the years. Hope someone else might find it helpful. You can germinate seed indoors in a moist paper towel (use plain water, or 1 part 3% hydrogen peroxide to 20 parts water, which seems to enhance their germination). Fold the towel and seal it in a plastic bag. Keep at room temperature and check daily for the first signs of germination. It usually takes 3-4 days. As soon as there is any sign that the seed coat is breaking, use tweezers to sow them individually in your carrot bed in fine, prepared soil. Don’t wait until they have long roots emerging. After sowing, keep moist until first true leaf develops.

    The planting with tweezers is tedious, but there’s no thinning to be done later, the wait until emergence is much shorter, very little seed is wasted, and it has always worked the first time for me. Before I used this method, I had sometimes planted carrot seed three times in a season before finally getting them going.

  8. Carolyn

    I cover carrot seeds with a thin layer of vermiculite. Seems to work well!

  9. I see carrot seedlings in cell packs in nurseries sometimes. That seems weird anywhere, but even weirder here where anything can get sown directly.

    • I’ve only seen them once. In most cases, the results will be disastrous: no good root will form. Yet another caveat emptor situation!

      • You would not believe how many people argue that carrots and other root vegetables can be grown this way. Even if it were possible, it produces only as many carrots that will fit in the cells.

Leave a Reply

Sign up for the Laidback Gardener blog and receive articles in your inbox every morning!